If I were you I would keep in mind a great deal of the posters here are guys in their 40s who have been earning for a LONG time and have very different desires/needs than you. Also the 'budget' gear of today is light-years ahead of where it was when I (for example) was 16....you can get SO much for your budget - easily as much as you will ever 'really need'
good idea for a bass - also keep an eye out for a used Music Man Sub 5 if they interest you at all - that is a TON of bass for what they sell for used.....(Kingston 5s too imho)
I would say get yourself a good solid amp that can handle jams, rehearsals and small gigs - something like the Peavey you mentioned or a Rumble 350 or a GK MB115 and like you said Used is best value.
For recording - I would suggest just getting a small USB interface like an M-Audio or Tascam or even Behringer - they will let you use any computer to assemble demo (or better) quality home recordings - no need to invest in a new laptop imho. OR grab an old Pandora or Palm Studio 4 track - not as fancy as DAW - but more than good enough for what most of us will ever do .....
effects - likely not the guy to offer any advice - I tend to use a Boss TU3 tuner, BBE Opto Stomp compressor and keep a Sans Amp on my board in case I need a boost, to go direct or to run into a provided amp that doesn't agree with me......I would want sometime to get to know the bass-amp relationship before I tossed a multi-effect in the line - but I am old fashioned that way....
