Olivier Messiaen had his own modal theory - I don't claim to understand it fully - but he utilised "pitch modes" as a way of generating non-functional harmony.
Mode II first appears in the 7th movement of "Quattor a la Fin du Temps" - so there are no conventional chords/scales - but rather harmony generated from one of these modes created by Messiaen.
Messiaen also wrote a short piano piece : Mode of Durations nd Dynamics - which seems to be an experiment in these modes - although once again, I am not sure I understand all of this!
