1. The first concern is the material the bow is made out of.
- Fiberglass, Brazilwood, Carbon Fiber, Pernambuco, Snakewood.
Pernambuco and Snakewood are the most expensive, while fiberglass and brazilwood tend to be much cheaper. Obviously they do not produce as good of sound. As for Carbon Fiber, I don't like them, but many people do.
Next is the hair type. I prefer White Russian, but they also sell Black and Salt and Pepper (S&P is a mixture of white and black)
Also find out if you like French or German style better.
2. I would say a good price would be from $90 for a Glasser Fiberglass bow to up to $200 for a cheap brazilwood. This being for a beginer in mind, not a student or professional.
3. Depending on where you live, you may have tons of options to go bow shopping. However online I choose:
www.lemurmusic.com
4. German or French depends on individual needs. Both have the same abilities and can produce the same tone. Some things tend to be easier with one compared to the other, but in the end one is not better than the other.
5. The material of bows is very very important. The higher price woods offer a faster response from the bass, project better, can improve control, and also are works of art. I personally recommened bow shopping before changing what instrument you play on. Bows match better with different basses and the combination of a great bass and great bow is something that takes time to find.