I'm assuming it's your fretting hand you are talking about. You could be gripping the neck too tight. The thumb should be on the back of the neck, roughly in line between the middle and ring fingers, not sticking out over the top of the neck. The palm of the hand should not come into contact with the neck. It does not need much pressure to fret a string. The hand should be fairly relaxed. Check You Tube for "Bass, Left Hand Technique".
The wrist of the plucking hand should also be straight. The link below shows good technique for this.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPVMBPmrblU
It's also very important to do some gentle stretching and warm up exercises before you play. Again, You Tube has lots of clips on this if you search.