Hello Mofungo and a warm welcome to Talkbass.
Buy used: that's my advice. There realy are some great deals to be had. It does, of course, restrict your choice.
I think there's no way to advise on what style of bass to buy. Brands, likewise, I guess. But you'll not go far wrong with the big names. I'm a particular fan of Yamaha and it seems to generally accepted that you really do get a lot of bass for your money with a Yammy.
Beware that Fenders tend to be neck heavy and that Precisions, in particular, are well known for having a dead spot around 7th fret on the G string.
There are scholars on here that speak of bass newbies learning fretless without going fretted first. Does that appeal?
Best of luck.
John