| The bass tab usually follows roots and fifths (and then some other parts) of that chord symbol (the letter/number combination) written above.
Guitarists, vocalists and many other instruments read treble clef. There is a "missing line" in between the two clefs - written as an extra (sixth) line below the treble clef for middle C - and extra (sixth line) above the bass clef (same middle C). The treble lines are therefore E, G, B, D and F (the spaces within the staff are consequently F, A,C,E). Note that these don't correspond at all to the lines in tab (which represent strings).
When learning to play bass, most books/systems teach you a bit about reading the treble clef - but to sight read bass music, you need the bass clef. A good system will teach you to use those chord symbols to build bass lines even if all you have is the chart given to other musicians for the treble clef.
There are lots of places on the web, including Wikipedia, where you can study the music stave or staff (the two clefs together).
So, if the chord is, say G7, your notes could be G, B, D or F in that bar or segment of a bar, while the melody could be anything at all that the composer deems melodious with a G7, and the rhythm guitar will usually be playing G7 - and you, the bass player, will fool around with one of those four notes - until the chord changes.
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Darryl Jones, John Paul Jones, Paul Denman, Berry Oakley, Tom Barney, Freddie Washington
Fender Jazz Bass Club Member #188, Fender MIA Club Member #195
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