This is what works for me.
Take what you know about the Circle of Fifths and Chord Progressions in general.
The only thing that will be different will be the rhythms. So listen to the drummers beat. And match his rhythm. Easy way to start would be just pay attention to the bass drum and snare (basic rock beat will be on 2 on snare and 4 on bass drum. So it would be 1 + 2(snare) + 3 + 4(bass drum)
Alot of bands mix different styles of music to make rock. If the drummer is a straight rock drummer, find out his favorite song to play, and learn it.
Rock is an easy genre to learn. The hardest part is (which is mostly all genres with bass) is just to get a feel for when to throw a nice syncopated rhythm, or when to just plain keep the beat with a repeated note and what not. But with your bass backround, im sure you know that. Thats just more for other, newer players reading this thread
Good luck man,
-Troy