There's no such thing as a major or minor note. An interval can be major or minor, chords can be major and minor, and there are major and minor scales. Start with intervals. Here are the basic intervals in terms of half steps, each fret is 1 half step.
m = minor
M = Major
P = Perfect
P1 (unison) = 0
m2 = 1
M2 = 2
m3 = 3
M3 = 4
P4 = 5
Tritone = 6
P5 = 7
m6 = 8
M6 = 9
m7 = 10
M7 = 11
P8 (octave) = 12
So for example, if you start on a C (3rd fret on the A string) and go up to an E (2nd fret on the D string) it's 4 half steps which gives you a Major 3rd.
Here are some links to check out:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_and_minor
(this chart shows starting and ending notes to achieve a given interval)
http://intellectualmusician.com/wp-c.../intervals.png