| yeah thats the crux of it. if you build a chord off the ii in a major scale you'll get a minor chord, so in C the ii is a D minor. the scale that goes with the ii is the dorian scale. and as you can see, that scale has a b3 and a b7 so thats why you get a minor chord! however it also has a NORMAL six, so its not the same scale as the normal minor scale.
allot of people to start with think, oh its a minor chord, so i can use the minor scale. but in pieces that are quite harmonically stable, ie they stay within one key for each section etc, you will probably find that the b6 in the minor scale played over the ii chord sounds wrong or out of place.
so yes, you would use the dorian. and as you say the phyrigian for E, the lydian for F and so on.
so you have the basics of how to use modes nailed, well done! theres allot more you can expand too, but for now just get used to thinking those modes as you go through a chord progression so that its second nature!
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