OK you know how to make modes, next is how to use them.
This may help.
http://www.ibreathemusic.com/forums/...732#post142732
Read post # 7 first.
Then go to the first post and read them all. Probably one of the better how to use modes strings I've seen in a long time.
Probably the most important thing to come out of this string is; "
You need to understand keys, chords and melody before you can possibly understand modes. Once you understand keys, chords & melody you will finds modes to be so simple as to be hardly worth mentioning".
Your other question - understanding theory. IMHO best way to understand theory is done in an easy chair with a book (or paper) on theory and a scale and key chart handy. An inexpensive keyboard is an excellent way to "see" theory.
IMHO - Theory is best studied by itself an extra 30 minutes before or after your normal practice schedule. When is unimportant 30 minutes some time each day is the important factor. If it relates to what your practicing right now so much the better.
Wealth of information here.
http://www.ibreathemusic.com/browse/index.php?ltr=A Print one off and find an easy chair. Most of these articles will have a button at the end of the lesson that will take you to "the rest of the story", be sure and take advantage of that button.
Have fun.