A green product or
green design is not defined in any absolute sense but only in comparison with other alternatives of similar function. For example, a product could be entirely made of renewable materials, use renewable energy, and decay completely at the end of its life. However, this product would not be green if, a substitute product uses fewer resources during production and use, or results in the release of fewer hazardous materials. Other things being equal, a car that gets 50 miles per gallon is greener than one that gets 30 miles per gallon— unless the owner family cannot fit into the more fuel efficient car necessitating two trips. A fully loaded bus is greener than either car, but a bus with one passenger is not at all green. Rarely is one product greener in every dimension (resource and energy use, emissions, recyclability etc.) than other products; there are usually tradeoffs among characteristics.
For Example: making cars more fuel-efficient requires making them lighter. This can be accomplished by substituting aluminum or plastic for steel. Both aluminum and plastic require more energy during production than does steel. How should we compare the energy required during production with the energy required for operation? One approach is to calculate how many miles the car must go to “
pay back” the energy required during production. Another example is that some new materials and composites, such as carbon fibers, have many advantages, but cannot be recycled. Which is more important, the ability to recycle or the lighter weight and strength? Finally, if petroleum is in extremely short supply, saving gasoline may be desirable even if the result is increasing total energy use, e.g., cars powered by methanol from coal.
France and The Netherlands have special government agencies to foster clean technologies. In the US, many government purchasing criteria specify the use of recycled materials; the federal government has ordered its employees to look for recycled products and has initiated a number of energy efficiency programs for
products and buildings. Toxic emissions have been voluntarily reduced in many industries, in part due to the scrutiny provided by toxic emission reporting requirements. Significant progress has already been made as companies see that they can lower costs and increase revenues by making green products or introducing green processes. Consumers have been slower to respond to green products. In the end, progress is limited by what consumers are willing to purchase.
Depletion of natural resources is an inevitable effect of globalization. Since a particular item can easily be traded to other parts of the world, there is greater encouragement to extract these items more frequently and in too large of quantities. It is sad because most of these valuable resources are non-renewable.
