There are rehearsal studios all over the City for around $15 - $30 an hour. You can pick up a village voice for free on just about any street corner and look in the music section. They list a whole bunch of them.
I live in an apartment, and I either play low through my amp, or I use one of those tascam bass trainers with headphones.
You can also search for musicians or bands at
www.nycmusician.come ,
www.villagevoice.com (in the classifieds), or check the studios bulletin boards when you get there.