The authoritative site on how (and who ... it's only about 200 groups worldwide that are responsible for almost all of your spam) is
Spamhaus. They work with the CIA and FBI on investigations, and sell software.
Spam techniques are constantly evolving. As I understand it, right now, directed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and spam may be using the same infrastructure: zombie botnets of around 20,000 computers each which are for rent for perhaps $2000 an hour (I might be wrong about these figures, but I seem to remember this from somewhere).
Anyway, best to rely on others for controlling spam. Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, etc. all have invested a lot of money in controlling spam. It's of course made easier, because they know who the originators are, and some of them are going to prison. Australia has all but been put out of the Spam business by law enforcement. Hopefully the US should be next. I understand that Phoenix is a hotbed of spammers (must be where geeks retire).