You won't kill it - you just need to figure out where the preamp ends and the poweramp begins.
With amps that have effects loops, it's not too hard to trace this. With amps that don't, it's trickier.
Now, the REAL problems I see are establishing a proper power supply for just the preamp section, and getting the preamp to fit in a small enclosure...
I think you'd have a lot to lose in terms of quality sound and low end, though. If you really want that Marshall distortion sound on bass, why not just get a Marshall Guv'nor pedal or a rackmount Marshall guitar pre (i.e., JMP-1)?