I don't think it would be safe at all to run the output of a head into a pickup. The head would not have enough load and could possibly blow, as well as wrecking the pickup.
From what I know the sustainer pickup works by receiving the vibrations of the strings (whether from the other pickups or the sustainer itself i'm unsure) and sending that signal to a small onboard preamp, that preamp then sends the signal to the sustainer causing the strings to vibrate.
It's basically a feedback loop of sorts, the string vibrates and that signal is sent back to vibrate the strings, which is how it works really.
From what I remember not just any pickup can be used, it has to be around a certain range\size\output to be most effective, not to mention you'd need the preamp and to hook it up to work properly.
I'm sorry but I can't really remember the specifics of the pickup.
I do remember reading up on people winding their own sustainer pickup as well as making their own preamp and making it work, so it's not impossible and with electronic\pickup winding knowledge it shouldn't be too difficult.
I really don't remember where I got the information though, sorry, but it was while searching for sustainer pickups for guitar, not bass. You could google "diy sustainer pickup for guitar".
Edit :
Well whaddyou know I found some stuff, these threads\pages should help.
http://www.storm-software.co.yu/diy/...ject=sustainer http://projectguitar.ibforums.com/in...showtopic=7512 224 pages though! Watch out!