Not easily. Two ways you can often change the level of the bass relative to the other instruments are the Left-Right balance and equalisation:
Balance: Assuming you've got a stereo recording, you will often find that different instruments are stronger on one side or the other (in order to take advantage of the positional illusion this creates to make it seem like the band is spread out rather than all coming from one source). You might not be able to isolate the bass, but there's a good chance you'll find places where it is stronger or weaker.
EQ: Fiddle around to see what frequencies the bass is filling and either cut or boost them. In order to create a clear sound, producers will often assign each instrument to a range of frequencies where it will be strong and drop it in other areas so as not to create a muddy effect against the other components of the overall sound. Again, if you can find where the bass sits in a given recording you can use this to make it easier or harder to hear.
Over the past few months, I've been using a shareware package called
Transcribe! which has got balance and eq controls along with a whole bunch of other tricks (eg. looping sections and slowing things down but keeping the same pitch) - it might be useful for what you're after.
Wulf