I used both CF and a 2-way truss rod on Chris' bass, it was a 3-piece maple lam bolt-on. At 0.77" thickness (wenge board) the string pull was just enough that I didn't really have to use the rod. But it is needed there for future adjustment.
In addition to allowing you to build a thinner neck, the CF rods also help A LOT with stability. 20-30-40 years from now a neck with CF rods will be straighter than one without.
IMO you always need a truss rod, because even if the neck is perfect on Day 1 it might not be on Day 365 due to changes in temp, humidity, etc etc (again why I use CF). You WILL find yourself wanting to adjust the rod at some point, and if you can't then you're either stuck with milling the frets or making a new neck.
Neck relief has nothing to do with fretboard radius - the amount of relief you need depends a lot on your playing style (heavy RH=more relief) and string tension (lower-more relief). A short scale tuned to standard will have lower tension than a 34" scale, so my guess is you'll need some relief.
Use a 2-way bass rod from
Allied Lutherie and make it a 24-fret neck. On a 32" scale your distance nut-to-#24 is 32*0.75=24" and the Allied rod is 22-3/4" end to end.