Feel for you; I've had to learn "the hard way" myself as an occasional Contractor for a particular engagement.
Small Claims can get you a judgement, collecting it is another thing- maybe the guy will make it right on his own if you can get him to respond, you know, make payments, whatever.
I imagine the laws vary from State-to-State, as well as how much teeth authorities will use to enforce writing bogus checks. Sometimes, it's relegated to a Civil matter, other times, the City Attorney doesn't have the time/manpower to prosecute. Justice is hard to come by, and we can no longer get a rope, no matter how tempting it can be!
I know that this is closing the barn door after the horses run out, but in the future-
CASH is often the answer! I've been on the road many times, and even local gigs, wherein the Contract or agreement called for payment in cold cash.
One time, we had a very reputable club-owner apologize that by mistake, the safe had been locked; all dollar bills had been put away, and he was sorry, but his check was good as gold.
It would have been-but we showed him the clause that stated
CASH and the resultant penalty if not adhered too.
We would have had the same situation trying to enforce that of course, but it was AMAZING how quickly they suddenly found a way to open the safe and get the dollars out!
Most people we assume have good intent, and checks are fine, but always best to play it safe, especially when you are responsible for pay-out.
Good Luck-