Prokofiev wrote a quintet for oboe, clarinet, violin, viola, and double bass. It's a fantastic piece, with lots of fun and challenging moments for the bass. The 4th movement is almost entirely doublestops, and lots of upper register playing as well.
For me bass as a thing I needed to do started with my grade school band director who played electric in a Dixieland group. Then upright came from seeing Phil Palombi at Youngstown State jazz concerts. The CD that nailed it all down, though, was Mingus' Changes 2.