by Hendrik Varju
photos by Christopher Campbell
EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT FINISHES (part 2)
In the case of curing oils, such as linseed and tung oil, wait until the finish dries fully, then add the next coat. It will take at least five coats to see any sort of a sheen, but you can apply as many coats as you want. For non-curing oils, such as walnut and mineral oil, you can apply a second or third coat if you want the wood to soak up more; otherwise, just one or two coats will do.
When you apply oil to cutting boards and salad bowls, the oil will disappear after several washings with soap and water, so keep a bottle of the oil under the kitchen sink and add another coat whenever the wood looks dry.
Oil/Varnish Blends
Danish oil, also called oil/varnish blend, is made by mixing a small quantity of varnish with a larger quantity of a curing straight oil, such as tung or linseed oil. Its thinned with mineral spirits (i.e., paint thinner) and metallic driers speed up drying time.
By mixing an oil finish, which is easy to apply, with varnish, which is harder to apply but more protective, you get the best of both worlds. Theres more protection than a straight oil finish because each coat builds a thin film. You can add to the protection by buying an off-the-shelf Danish oil and adding varnish, such as oil-based polyurethane. I suggest a mix of 25 per cent poly to 75 per cent Danish oil. Dont add more than 25 per cent poly: the mix will be harder to apply.
An oil/varnish blend is great for everything except high-wear items. It isnt suitable for a kitchen table, for example, which will see lots of spills and abuse. But its a beautiful finish for projects such as gently used coffee or end tables, beds, night tables or mirrors.
Applying these blends is as simple as applying straight oils: you just wipe on, then wipe off. The difference is that the finish should be left for just 10 to 15 minutes before wiping off the excess. The varnish component becomes gummy if its left thick for too long. Allow at least 12 hours of drying time between coats; 24 hours is better. Keep in mind that colder temperatures and higher humidity increase drying time for all finishes.