Five String basses (with a low C or B) are very common in Europe, but not so much in the US. I had one in my shop one time and couldn't sell it. Everyone was interested in the bass, but they couldn't get used to the string placement, hitting the low B for example instead of the E String. The neatest conversion I've seen is on a bass owned by Joeseph Guastefeste of the Chicago. The fingerboard sticks out on the low string side enough to accomodate the extra string. That leaves all of the original strings in position. I found it very easy to play. However, I can't remember how it went into the peg box. Perhaps someone else has seen it and can enlighten us.
In the late 40s and early 50s a lot of jazzers put a high C oin the bass ala Chubby Jackson. I actually had an inquiry a couple of weeks ago from someone looking for a high C for his five stringer, so I guess some are still out there. I actually found 5 or 6 high Cs manufactured by some of the string makers, so it must be fairly common.