There are more thorough treatments that relate modes to the minor forms. Too much for my little pea brain to hold, but perhaps there are geniuses, or perhaps savants, that find the concept useful. I have a cheat sheet that I developed and used for awhile...now my fluency in even basic modal thought is totally shot.
I have studied modes primarily in relation to major and natural minor keys, so that I may have a better understanding of the key signatures. Also, some of the music I have performed over the years is modal, so it helps to know the shapes of the modes cold. IMHO this is a fairly daunting task...at least for me it is.
At one time, I was trying to maintain fluency by relating the modes to their relative major and also their parallel major and natural minor shapes. For the parallel forms, I considered Ionian (pure major), Lydian (major #4), Mixolydian (major b7), Dorian (natural minor #6), Phrygian (natural minor b2), Aeolian (pure natural minor), and Locrian (natural minor b2, b5). Perhaps this is a stupid way to do it...but I believe if you learn how to do things multiple ways you have a better chance of understanding and remembering.
Sometimes harmonic analysis involves modal interchange (as defined in post #13)...sometimes the analysis seems to make the most sense if a chord is borrowed from a mode rather than a major or minor key. I believe this would define the borrowed chord as nonfunctional.
I think I'll leave now

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