Oh wow, there are so many things to consider. If you really, truly want to condition the area it won't be super cheap. Cheap is cheap. You get what you pay for.
First of all, the main thing to address is humidity. Temperature is one thing, but humidity surpasses temperature when it comes to comfort. Then there is the whole thing about stagnant air and the health concerns. Basements are about the worse place there is to live due to humidity and the lack of fresh air. They're not great environments.
Humidity control is important. A basic dehumidifier is really just a machine that collects moisture and condenses it, removing it from the air. Cool. Great. But it does nothing to address contained air that is held in the basement and cannot address other air quality issues. Depending where you are, Radon Gas may be an issue, as well. No way to tell without a Radon test.
For most people who want to use their basement as a living area, I usually recommend some sort of fresh air exchanger for starters. These units will exhaust stale basement air an introduce fresh, outside air to the area. It's a great place to start. Often times this alone will condition the environment to a point where it's acceptable. But there may be more work that is needed. Dehumidification and temperature control may also be needed.
A lot depends on your specific needs and wants. But definitely look at fresh air exchangers and HRV's for starters.