I have monster ears, and good rhythm. I can hear something (maybe twice through at most), and just play it. I took 3 guitar lessons when I was 10 (45 now...played professionally as a bassist for 15 years until the early 90s). Learned about 7 chords. The rest, including bass (I now play 4,5,6,7 and 12 string basses), and drums I just taught myself. I play enough keys to sequence and write, but really not that well. I can't solo on keys. I can cover most simpler parts, however. Bass I pretty much play with total freedom, guitar too...although I can't claim to be a Jazz chord master...I can play rock, and can solo pretty well. Starting to even get good enough to blow over even Steely Dan changes intuitively (I can't even claim to know 'my scales').
Things that other people report having difficulty with I just seem to play naturally. There's no secret formula I can clue you to. It's really just ears, and good rhythm.
I can teach you something about how the human brain learns, though:
Play along with stuff, and remember; when learning things, it's all about writing patterns in the brain...don't make mistakes!
If you do, you just write the mistakes to the brain as a pattern! Slow things down, use a metronome if you must...but GET IT RIGHT. Then come back to it after lunch, and magically, you'll be able to play it perfectly, and in tempo.
Good luck.