Is the PhD system that much different in the US? I thought PhDs were always research based? Is there a taught element to them in the US?
My (engineering) Ph.D. program was research based, but there was about a year and a half of fairly intense course work at the start. I was in a direct-entry Ph.D. program. I never got a master's degree.
We were expected to begin research early, starting with the research proposal. After the course work was the qualifying exam (ours was entirely written; there is an oral component [no jokes, please] in some programs). I got my proposal out of the way shortly after the qualifier. We could take courses after the required load, if they were interesting and useful.