I do not know what the general acceptance or reasons for choosing one or the other. Here is my thoughts:
- I agree that the exit by the headstock may weaken the neck slightly. That is the place where the neck breaks when someone has an accident, so, I opt to not to weaken there.
- Another thought is access of the adjustment tool. The strings give better near the body, so, if the design has a string the blocks access (maybe 5 string) then it is easier to spread the strings at the body (if you want to bother taking off strings).
- Lastly, especially with a long neck, I like the way the neck bends better when it is exiting by the body. It seems to help treat string buzz high on the neck more than truss rod exiting at the headstock.
That is a good point Buchananbass...use the spoked head if designing for a body end exit.