OK, simply using nominal speaker diameter to determine how much air is moved ignores so many variables that it's pointless. First, the nominal diameter (10" or 12") ignores the surround. Plus it totally ignores the shape of the cone which has a big impact on how much air is actually moved. Then, because not all 12" speakers are made to move the same amount within the magnet gap, they don't move as much air. And, these calculations totally ignore the cabinet. So, simple speaker size doesn't tell you anything about how it's going to sound. When we buy a speaker cabinet we're buying the entire system, not just some drivers in a box (well at least we hope so- some of the stuff out there is pretty iffy).
Now there might be some very general and vague conclusions we might be able to draw, but I suspect it's more marketing than physics. Because people expect cabinets with 12" speakers to sound a certain way, manufacturers might be inclined to voice the cabinet that way. But, in reality that's too much design work for most mass-market companies so they just make a box that's similar to everyone else's box and put a speaker that's pretty similar to everyone else's in the box.
It's come down to this. Unless you're pretty conversant with speaker specs and have a lot of experience listening critically to a lot of different boxes while knowing their specs, just about every advertised speaker cabinet (remember, it's the whole system you're hearing) is pointless. Efficiency? A rough idea, but unless each and every cabinet you're considering includes the frequency(ies) over which the spec was measured, it's meaningless. Frequency response? Again, every cabinet you're considering would have to list the spec based on exactly the same measurement, and express the result in the exactly the same parameters. +/1 3db WHERE? Or what about power rating? All it tells you is what power will cause the voice coil to melt, but you'll trash the cones well before that if you're not listening to what's coming out of the speakers.
The only specs that I pay attention to now are physical dimensions, weight, and price. Everything else is only determined by my ears when I play MY basses through MY amps.
John