This one is simple. You already stated it. It is HIS band, you are a hired gun. You agreed to his stipulated percentage. You said he does the booking end, so the booking agent fee is going in his pocket. Still fair, its his BUSINESS. You are an employee.
You do have the right to see the actual payment to verify that you are getting the proper percentage, however no matter what else he puts in the numbers you have to live with. His modus operandi actually sounds good. Booking agent comes off the top. 40% for employees (which he does get to count as one). That is 50%. The other 50% goes into the business.
Local gigs versus travelling gigs don't matter nor should they be treated differently. Hotel rooms and meals cost differently in different towns. So, in one town the hotel may cost him $100 per night, others maybe $150, others $75. The 50% that goes into the business has to aggregate in order to pay all overhead and expenses.
If you need more money, ask. If he says no, be polite. You then have to decide if you are making enough for you. At the rate you are getting paid this sounds like a pseudo part-time gig. $200 a night for a part timer is pretty darn good. I'd love to get that kind of cake for steady gigs.
Now, if this is your only income, then maybe you need to look for a day job.
tom