IMO, the SB-12 is a little gem. Bring it to a recording studio, and the engineer is gonna break out in a grin IF phat, all-tube tone is what the music calls for. The 6SL7 preamp tubes the vintage Ampegs used is unreal for a classic bass track-
Now for the real-world of gigs and playing out, it's not gonna cut it, except for the smallest, lowest-volume rooms and projects- Jazz, Acoustic stuff, etc. The amp won't get the fidelity and punch that modern rigs produce. But for a practice or recording amp- a Classic.
Your ? about the replacement speaker-
It would make a difference to a collector who wants to have a unit like that as an all-original classic; but as far as being a"player's" rig for the purposes above, depending on what driver was used a replacement; it might even sound better.
I think the great tone from B-15's and SB-12's were more a result of the circuit; not so much the OEM speakers Ampeg used.
If the amp had good tone, $375 is a very good price for an SB-12 in decent shape.