The reason for the odd figering has to do with the tone of the open string vs the fingered string. It is common in classical music to pick (more) difficult fingerlings to achieve the desired tone.
JS Bach was a baroque composer who composed music for baroque instruments, to state the obvious. The way these instruments were played was very different from their modern counterparts. The upbow was weak and quiet, the downbow was attacked and loud. It is likely that Hal Leonard wrote the first measure that way to mute the upbow.
I don't think so. Look carefully at the slurs in my post above - first two notes in each beat, stopped then open, are slurred, i.e. single bow. The rhythmic values of the notes are identified by a change of tone rather than a new bow stroke. A third tonal option is to play the open and stopped notes in unison, in which case the notes will have both an up and a down stem...
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