Hi,
A single layer of carbon fiber cloth, properly applied to the outside of a neck, can add a tremendous amount of strength.
This is the concept behind the Parker Fly instruments and, before that, Renaissance lute and oud construction which used a structural "skin" of ebony over a softer neck core material.
The "skin", since it's on the outermost surface, carries the lion's share of the the tension load on the neck. Surfboards, boat and airplane components, and many lightweight/high-performance objects are built this way.
I'm using a C-shaped carbon layer about 0.1" inside the back surface of my hybrid necks - the exterior hardwood layer is quite thin. The inner core is lightweight redwood or basswood.
Those necks are very strong - actually, too strong for a simple Fender-style truss rod to even function. I need a 2-piece rod just to make them move!
Carbon is a great material and has a lot of cool properties. It's easy to overvalue it as some kind of "magic" thing - there are good and bad places for it. However, in the right place, and the right amount, it can make some really cool things possible.
Cheers!
Martin