I think EBMM's SUB line is a good example of keeping costs down while keeping relative quality high. The SUBs are made in the same plant as every other EBMM instrument so they've managed to use their skilled labor but reduce costs by doing the following:
Only a handful of textured finish choices, all solid, no trans keeps painting costs down. Since the colors aren't see through, less expensive poplar can be used in place of ash.
No contouring means less time on CNC machines and less time sanding, IMO (I'm only guessing as I've never been to their shop).
Less expensive bridge (no fancy 'Ernie Ball Music Man' stamped on the bridge) but still solid. Less expensive tuners as well.
Passive models save on active preamp costs as well as rear routing for battery compartment. Active SUBs don't save as much in this department, but only a 2band preamp is available as an active option.
Since the neck is painted, the wood underneath doesn't need to be carefully selected for appearance. This saves money. Same goes with headstock.
Doesn't come with a hardshell case.
You can see there were many places where construction savings occurred but the final product is still a solid instrument. In case you can't tell I'm still impressed at the build quality of my $475 US made 5 string instrument.
I know my SUB would never hold its own against a StingRay5 but that's not why I bought it. I wanted a solid 5 string at a low price I could use to decide whether I like 5 strings. Also, I'm feeling the bite of the modding bug so this bass would provide a solid foundation (great neck, excellent fretwork, solid body) should I decide to go ahead and add a 2nd pickup and active pre.
Last but not least, it was made in my home country. I'm not isolationist, and I would looooooovvvveeee to own a Jerzy Drozd but I would also like to keep as many jobs as possible from moving away simply to save a few bucks.