I've used the headphone jack/mic before, like a long, long time ago, and the quality wasnt great, but nowadays im sure its better (im talking like 2004 using cakewalk, but it's the same idea). But for under 200 bucks you can snag a 2 input type external sound card. Then you can use xlr or go stereo, plus phantom power if you need it. Phantom power opens up your mic options.
That's the way I would do it if I was starting out in digital production. Don't let anyone try to upsale you on something with more than two inputs. You only need that recording drums, and at that point you're looking at several thousand dollars in mics, stands, cables, and a fancy sound card that'll run you over a grand to really do it right. Just find something in your price range and maybe go used. You'd be surprised how cheap those interfaces are now.
Digital recording is a fun rabbit hole to jump into. Also, Reason is a great piece of software if you want something one step up from garage band, and it's cheaper than pro tools or cubase or logic, and it has a lot of quality digital patches (you'll want a midi controller for that to really utilize it though, like keys or a korg pad or something).
Good luck!