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Incredibly Bowed Neck

Recently I bought a cheap bass off a guy I knew because I wanted a bass I could just leave at the church I play at. It's a five string Rogue and loosening the truss rod doesn't seem to actually do anything. I have a set of D'Addario 45-130 halfrounds on it. I have to have the bass tuned a full step down in order to make it playable but I'm tired of having to transpose for a tuning I don't play on any other instrument. Would using the lightest strings I can find (by any brand, I've been looking over Kalium) make the neck more playable in any real way, and would the thinner strings alter the bassy side of the tone at all? I don't have to keep halfrounds, I just want to be able to play in standard again. The fifth string isn't necessary either since I rarely use it.
 
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In addition to the truss rod adjustment, I'll add that I've tried the half rounds a few times and found that they are a high tension string. For my instruments, they always needed at least a half right hand truss turn compared to regular guage rounds from Daddario or DR (hex core).
 
Seconding the go slow comment. No more than a half turn once the nut is snug to start, let it sit a day, then a quarter turn and a day of rest at a time until it's pretty (not completely) straight.

Going faster goves you a good chance of making a disaster.
 
Seagoats, think of it this way: Loosening the truss rod will raise the strings, tightening the truss rod will lower them. There's more involved to action than this, but that's the way to think of it.

Here's a good basic adjustment method from the terrific fretless player Gary Willis, maybe this will help (these steps apply to fretted bass as well):

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And as others above have said, and GW stresses in this tutorial: Once you feel the truss rod nut begin to snug up, adjust it only a 1/4 of a turn or less at a time and give the wood time to 'settle in' to the new tension.