In a case where you have a 4x10 and a low wattage tube amp, I don't see too much to recommend AGAINST a 1x15. You're talking about a 4x10 that's 300w. It's pretty easy to find 300w or more 15s. Not to mention many 15s might be more sensitive than a particular 4x10, and LIKELY (not necessarily) will have at least a few Hz more in the low end. Just as the 10s will LIKELY go higher than the 15 (with or without a tweeter). And when you're talking about the 15 taking half the amp output in this scenario, you're only talking about 60-70 clean watts, and maybe 150 peak AT THE MOST). I think just about any pro audio 15 will take 60w or so with no problem, and more modern ones wouldn't even blink at twice that.
My advice if this is what he wants is to look around at what 15s he could get his hands on in is budget, do some research, see what their relative merits are, then pick one and model some cabs, then pick one and build it.
If we were talking about a 1200w amp paired with an 800w 4x10, my answer might be different. But that's not what we're talking about in this case. Actually, if anything I would ditch the 4x10 and just build a really efficient 2x15. Some of the old JBLs have sensitivities up to about 105db, meaning 108 db @ 1w for 2 of them, which is damn loud (max spl of about 129db).