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OHms

The non-technical way would be to pull a speaker and check it's impedance rating and see how they are wired together. Otherwise, get a meter and read the impedance of the cab - the DC reading should be slightly lower than the standard impedance reading (ie a reading of 3.6 = a 4 ohm cab).
 
Remove the driver and look at the markings, if any, on the driver. But b/t all the knowledable folks on this forum we can probably guess correctly 90% of the time. What cab? How many drivers in it? I was just editing my post to add what Coreyfyfe said about measuring the cab...he beat me to it.
 
How can you tell the ohms of a speaker cab if the cab is not marked?

It's not ohms, it's impedance, measured in ohms. Use a DMM or ohm meter, measure the DC resistance of the speaker. The DC resistance will be roughly 70% of the impedance. Most 8 ohm speakers will be between 5 and 6 ohms DCR.