I am a retired military bandsman. Here is how we dealt with this issue.
1. The entrance to our rehearsal halls were all labeled with a large banner that warned about the noise exposure hazard.
2. All members of the band were fitted and issued custom ER15 ear plugs. A box a foam ear plugs was also mounted inside each rehearsal room.
3. Each member was sent to occupational health once a year for an annual hearing evaluation. This was compared to a baseline that was established when the member first joined to the band program.
I wore my ER15s pretty religiously when I was playing bass or percussion. The only exception was pretty much when we were playing jazz combo and the drummer was using brushes to keep the volume down. Sometimes I would still wear the ER15s.
During the later part of my career, I cross trained as an audio tech. Most of the time I mixed at volume where I didn't need to use hearing protection. There were a few gigs where I used the ER15 though.
It's not easy or enjoyable to mix or play with ER15s, as they distort the frequency spectrum and considerably reduce dynamic range IMHO. But I think I would have pretty major hearing loss if I had not worn the plugs regularly.
When I was working with cover bands, I also tended to put my ER15s in during setup. Usually everyone likes to crank up as soon as they get their amp or drum working.
I have pretty noticeable tinnitus. I think this comes primarily from a few accidents where I was exposed to feedback at an extremely high SPL when I was not wearing my ear plugs. Also I have ridden motorcycles since 1991 and the helmet noise is pretty loud even with ear plugs. I have bought a bunch of different types of ear plugs trying to reduce the helmet noise.
I was in the band program for about 24 years. I had a really hard time passing my annual hearing tests for the last 5-6 years and eventually had to go to an audiologist. The audiologist did thorough exam, and shifted my baseline.
When I retired, the VA evaluated my hearing and the loss was not sufficient to justify in disability. Something to keep in mind, is these hearing tests are based on OHSA guidelines and do not test the full 20-20khz spectrum. They are primarily concerned with hearing in the voice range, and if you have hearing loss at a frequency above 6khz it's not tested or noted. The test tones for the audiograms are 500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 6,000 Hz. I seems really hard for me to hear cymbals and high hat in recordings anymore, and I like the TV way too loud.