Contact cement won't take finish if they come off? You took off the white strip? Did it just peel off?
Two different luthiers independently suggested contact cement. Yes, the contact cement peels off my finish without leaving a trace.
To remove the agressive, factory-supplied adhesive, I scraped off the 3M adhesive on the Golihur bumpers, washed the rest of the glue off with a little lacquer thinner (wearing protective) gloves, let them dry, dyed them to match my bass a bit better, then used the contact adhesive.
To control the glue on my bass' ribs, I held the bumpers in place, then set masking tape just inside of the bumpers perimeters. In other words, I masked rectangles on the ribs, slightly smaller than the bumpers, then applied adhesive to both these rectangles (on the bass) and the bumpers. Then I let the cement get tacky, removed the masking tape, and pressed the bumpers into place.
Before gluing them on, I also shaved two of the bumpers and built up the thickness of the other two, to accommodate the varying reveal between my ribs and the top/back, as well as to compensate for a twist in my bass. In other words, although my bass is slightly twisted, it sits evenly on a flat surface because I varied the bumpers' thickness.
The whole thing was pretty painless and took about 1 1/2 hours, even with the leveling/shaving/gluing up of the bumpers. Tools/supplies used were: masking tape, contact cement, a razor knife (for splitting some bumpers to the right thickness), Titebond (for leather-to-leather bumper buildup/lamination; gluing the waste from two bumpers onto the other two), lacquer thinner, leather dye, shoe polish, a flat surface large enough to lay my bass, paper towels, gloves, tape measure, and a pencil. If I can do it, anyone can...