Maybe. But IME cabsims tend to act like bandpass rolling off highs and lows.
I'd expect less, not more, bass with a cabsim in the loop...
I have yet to try mine. Won't happen today. Maybe tomorrow - which is another day...
Bandpass? Not significantly so, most of the time. Low pass is most common, and the good cab sims are much more complex than that. How many bass cabs audibly roll off the bass as an obvious effect of playing through them? Try playing through a PA cab... you won't find it sounds any deeper than a bass cab does, probably less so. However bass cabs tend to have a strong peak or two in the mids or upper mids, at least most of the good ones do, and then taper off the highs. A good cab sim will definitely so something similar.
Your scarlet is NOT the problem. Keep experimenting. And ANY time you use a headphone out on decent gear designed for guitar or bass, you are NOT hearing teh actual pedal line output, you are hearing a modified version designed for happy listening.
IF you like the headphone out, record from the headphone output of the pedal! That's what I would do... (very experienced rec. engineer here)
