You probably bought regular Alkaline batteries versus Silver Oxide batteries for your vernier calipers.
Smaller button batteries comes in two flavors Alkaline and Silver Oxide. Silver Oxide batteries last waaaay longer (and are more expensive) than alkaline batteries.
I'm not a batter expert, but I think:
Alkaline batteries you will see: LR44 303 357
Silver Oxide batteries are labeled: 357/303
Apparently the LR44's are the same size and voltage as the 357/303, so they fit, and the voltage is correct.
I found this out the hard way. Every time I picked up my vernier calipers, I had to put a new battery in it.