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what are safe tunings for a 5 string bass

What do you mean by "safe"?

"Safe" as in, the string won't break?
"Safe" as in, it won't hurt your bass?
"Safe" as in, it will sound good and help you get gigs?

My experience (and this is just one person's experience, so take it with a grain of salt) is that, "down tuning" (loosening the strings to lower their pitch) is always safe for the bass and safe for the strings. You do it every time you change strings. Will it sound good and help you get gigs? That's up to you and the style of music you're into.

"Up tuning" (raising the pitch of the strings) is more likely to cause damage to the string and/or bass. I find that I can up tune a string by a half step or a whole step, no problem. Raising a string more than a whole step starts to feel "danger zone" to me like the string might snap.

My comments above are assuming that you keep the same set of strings on your bass. Michael_t has the best answer of all, that if you choose your string gauges carefully (and properly set up the instrument), you can use any tuning you like. :)
 
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Thanks I play gospel music and the c note is at the very top on the b string I would like to just transpose it down a step or two

I often re tune my 5-string from BEADG to CEADG. This allows me to play the low C as an open (unfretted) string. Such a small change in pitch (only one half-step or minor 2nd) does not require special strings and hasn't seemed to damage my bass.
 
[QUOT"Mushroo, post: 18597747, member: 90845"]I often re tune my 5-string from BEADG to CEADG. This allows me to play the low C as an open (unfretted) string. Such a small change in pitch (only one half-step or minor 2nd) does not require special strings and hasn't seemed to damage my bass.[/QUOTE]
That tuning may do the trick
 
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Detuning is always safe.
A 'standard' bass set (.130-.045/,050) is already high tension so tuning up is risky. The only danger for the instrument is the total tension of the set, you can use a tension chart to make sure the total tension doesn't exceed the total tension of a heavy 5-string bass set (.135-.050).
Low Bs are usually looser than other strings so 1 semitone up is ok for that string (if it's .135 or less).
Higher strings could go up 1 semitone if they are not already 'heavy' gauges.
 
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You can also do interesting things with Hipshot d-tuners (without getting really crazy like Michael Manring and his Zon Hyperbass).

- If you put one on the "B" string on your fiver, you could tune default to C, and set up the Hipshot to drop half-step to B. I know Will Lee on his 4 string uses it to drop 2 steps, from EADG to CADG, which also gives you that lower C if you prefer than over a five string.

Anyway, just another option.

Later
Rob
 
None of my 5ers have ever exploded as a result of me tuning them in any way. Here's a great quote I heard in person 3 years ago:

"A lot of people don't realize just how strong and resilient an instrument the bass guitar is; you can really push and pull on it and it bounces right back." -Michael Manring, at a clinic, talking about alternate tunings.