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Writing effective basslines...

I've played bass for about two years now and guitar for a year. Mainly doing blues, psychedelic rock, garage rock, and classic rock. Me and a friend are now starting up a recording project.
I was wondering how you write effective basslines? Like I can improvise a bassline and have it sound good, but I want to know theory, rhythm, and technique wise, what really makes a bassline drive a song well?
 
Study harmony. I would recommend this book. It's for jazz, but this will be useful for all genres. Rhythm is more specific to the genre, so you have to check this too.
If I understand how chord theory works, like how chords and chord extensions are constructed, and what triads are, and what notes to use on what beat for what genre, I've got a pretty good understanding of harmony.
I'm just kind of wondering how I can make the basslines a bit more creative.
 
I've played bass for about two years now and guitar for a year. Mainly doing blues, psychedelic rock, garage rock, and classic rock. Me and a friend are now starting up a recording project.
I was wondering how you write effective basslines? Like I can improvise a bassline and have it sound good, but I want to know theory, rhythm, and technique wise, what really makes a bassline drive a song well?
Here's a link to buy the harmony book on download for 3 bucks. I just bought it.

The Berklee Book of Jazz Harmony With Audio | eBay
 
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What I think you're asking is if there is an objective way to assess the strength of a bass part based on the criteria you have mentioned. My answer is no. You can, if you want to, study all of what the helpful individuals ahead of me have mentioned, even doing some classical counterpoint and fugue studies too, but at the end of the day the bass part of a song is exactly that, part of a song and requires harmonious interaction with the other instrumentation.

On another note, you can try to get some objective metrics by looking at collective 'expert' judgment on good bass parts (e.g. top 100 most influential bass lines) and try to dissect them to find patterns. I'd be interested in a recurring thread in the vein of "What makes this bass part sound so good?"
 
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A bassline is what creates the harmony with the melody. All the other chordal instruments and inferences must bow to that. A bass line should infer the harmony and the rhythm of the song by itself enough that a singer could sing over it with no other accompaniment. Choose notes based on the melody of the song, not just the chord movement. Make the bass line have a conversation with the melody. This is why people like Macca. Paul is not the greatest bass player as a technician, but he is one of the greatest melody writers of all time with enough facility on bass and voice to deliver the goods. My fav new melodic guy has to be Joe Dart. 'Wait for the moment' is a perfect bassline.
 
Everything above. Also, learn your chord inversions / arpeggios. This is a great text:

Inversions.jpg
 
To me, basslines can be divided into Bass Parts vs Bass Grooves. Bass parts include all the idiosyncrasies of a certain player and all their arranging know-how and experience.
Bass grooves are melodic, repetitive and usually have some syncopation, but above all they are a part of Creativity. Can't teach that! (well yes you can, but not for here) I don't believe there is any age limit to coming up with great bass grooves. All you need is the right venue. (Like a talented band going for it) Arranging a great bass groove into a bass part, or bass line takes arranging skills and familiarity with other music. A prodigy kid can do that by age 14, a normal one who's motivated by 22 (or a few years after starting to play any age) and has ways of gaining experience (again, a venue), and a person who is learning music for their first lifetime, all their life.
 
If this is your project, and time is not a bottlen, simply noodle along with the tracks for the rest of the band. If you guys are doing scratch tracks to follow along, keep it simple. Then, drop out the bass, hit record, and noodle. Sometimes stay simple. Sometimes go nuts. Listen back to it every time.

You'll find that middle ground only after playing around with it. Creativity is not always one-take in-the-moment recording. Sometimes its a process.... a journey.

Record 15 different versions. Learn from them all. Then combine the best parts of those into one grooving, melodic line.
 
If I understand how chord theory works, like how chords and chord extensions are constructed, and what triads are, and what notes to use on what beat for what genre, I've got a pretty good understanding of harmony.

all the is harmony in isolation, one chord at a time. How is your understanding of chord progressions?

Do you know
  • how to harmonize a major scale?
  • how cadences work?
  • how to analyze chord progressions as functional ("roman numeral") harmony ?
  • secondary dominants and flat five substitutions?
  • various common chord progressions?
To propel a song forward you need to outline not jus the individual chords but the motion of the whole progression.
When that cadence comes around you need to make the listener feel it.
 
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[Invalid or Expired Link Removed] by Ed Friedland is a good resource for bass lines in a variety of genres. It is particularly useful on the rhythmic aspect of it, as it puts great emphasis on how bass and drums lock together (something that is not treated as thoroughly in some other books). If you complete this with the study of harmony from one the books suggested in previous posts, you would have evrything you need to dig into bass lines at a deeper level.
 
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all the is harmony in isolation, one chord at a time. How is your understanding of chord progressions?

Do you know
  • how to harmonize a major scale?
  • how cadences work?
  • how to analyze chord progressions as functional ("roman numeral") harmony ?
  • secondary dominants and flat five substitutions?
  • various common chord progressions?
To propel a song forward you need to outline not jus the individual chords but the motion of the whole progression.
When that cadence comes around you need to make the listener feel it.
All this ^^^^ is very important.

In addition, functional harmony is not the only paradigm, and many tunes of many genres use a modal harmony organized around 1- or 2-chords vamps, for which the concepts of cadences and progressions of functional tonal harmony are irrelevant.

Understanding the harmonic language of the music you are playing is essential, if you want to create basslines that best serve the music. The Berklee book on harmony I mentioned in an earlier post covers both the tonal functional harmony and the modal harmony.
 
Another random tip...

pick a tune that is within your skill set that includes a bass part you admire. Transcribe it note for note. Learn that bass line. Identify any little hooks or other gems you can find. Apply those to other tunes you play. Repeat.
 
I've played bass for about two years now and guitar for a year. Mainly doing blues, psychedelic rock, garage rock, and classic rock. Me and a friend are now starting up a recording project.
I was wondering how you write effective basslines? Like I can improvise a bassline and have it sound good, but I want to know theory, rhythm, and technique wise, what really makes a bassline drive a song well?

1. Learn music theory, as much as you can. lots of good free stuff, but a legit theory tutor can be expensive but well worth it.

2. LISTEN to the entire mix, really hear the whole picture. what does it need? what does it not need?

those two things coming together makes it pretty impossible to not come up with good stuff.
 
This is a very tough question to answer. There are some bassists who don't get a lot of admiration for their bass parts because the lines they create are pretty simple. Still, they're often members of very successful bands with very popular songs. So, their simple bass parts don't seem to be inhibiting the success of their bands or the popularity of their music. Similarly, it's not clear that their bands or music would be more popular if they played more complicated bass parts.

For example, Francis Buchholz played bass for the Scorpions from their second album all the way through their most popular period. During their popular phase, his bass lines were very simple and straightforward. However, if you go back and listen to earlier Scorpions music, you'll hear bass lines that are much more complex. It's not clear if Francis specifically simplified things to become more commercial - maybe this was the direction the band chose to take overall. It's similar with Michael Anthony of Van Halen or Adam Clayton of U2 - they can definitely play, but they didn't always do so. Still, did they do a good job of serving the songs and respective bands? Yes.

At the other end of the spectrum, you'd have someone like Jaco, who redefined his instrument and role to be something completely different. He's very well respected, especially by other bassists and jazz fans, but he's a relatively minor musician in the broader culture. Could you argue that Jaco was more artistically than commercially motivated? Perhaps.

I think that most of us strive to be somewhere in the middle. We want to be part of something that is reasonably well received (aka popular) but also creatively solid - something where we can add a little of ourselves to the music. In terms of people who may come to mind, I think we'd like to be Geddy Lee, John Entwistle or John Paul Jones. Bassists who are known for being great musicians, who write unique lines, and play in successful bands. Still, that's easier said than done.
 
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This is a very tough question to answer. There are some bassists who don't get a lot of admiration for their bass parts because the lines they create are pretty simple. Still, they're often members of very successful bands with very popular songs. So, their simple bass parts don't seem to be inhibiting the success of their bands or the popularity of their music. Similarly, it's not clear that their bands or music would be more popular if they played more complicated bass parts.

For example, Francis Buchholz played bass for the Scorpions from their second album all the way through their most popular period. During their popular phase, his bass lines were very simple and straightforward. However, if you go back and listen to earlier Scorpions music, you'll hear bass lines that are much more complex. It's not clear if Francis specifically simplified things to become more commercial - maybe this was the direction the band chose to take overall. It's similar with Michael Anthony of Van Halen or Adam Clayton of U2 - they can definitely play, but they didn't always do so. Still, did they do a good job of serving the songs and respective bands? Yes.

At the other end of the spectrum, you'd have someone like Jaco, who redefined his instrument and role to be something completely different. He's very well respected, especially by other bassists and jazz fans, but he's a relatively minor musician in the broader culture. Could you argue that Jaco was more artistically than commercially motivated? Perhaps.

I think that most of us strive to be somewhere in the middle. We want to be part of something that is reasonably well received (aka popular) but also creatively solid - something where we can add a little of ourselves to the music. In terms of people who may come to mind, I think we'd like to be Geddy Lee, John Entwistle or John Paul Jones. Bassists who are known for being great musicians, who write unique lines, and play in successful bands. Still, that's easier said than done.
The biggest example for me is Ross Valory of Journey......he sounds like two different bass players from the 70s through 80s hey day......probably some of the reason he bailed maybe?
 
My rules of thumb (rules are meant to be broken):
  1. Melody rules, bass line should be subordinate and complementary. If you want to be melodic, make it contrapuntal. That is, don't stomp on the melody. (It can be cool to double the melody, or play a parallel line for dramatic effect, but it loses that effect of it's constant.)
  2. Be the foundation. If you're not playing a root or fifth on the downbeat all the time, that's ok for some kinds of music, but you need to hit that root note on the downbeat as a reference point once in a while or you'll lose the band, especially during solos.
  3. Pick your spots for fills. Keep it in the pocket, and take turns on the fill opportunities with the rest of the band. Nobody wants to hear simultaneous bass, piano, guitar and drum fills at the end of every vocal line. Unless you're playing trad jazz I guess.;)
 
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