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I understand it can be a hard question as specifics are widely spread via preference and players "used" to only what they have been playing. I see most makers always place the pups in the same position on all their instruments (Eugen comes to mind) and there is some differences between them however slight. I ask in general, overall terms as the pup strength or predilictions can vary by type/maker.Placing pickups right at the butt of the neck was popular back in the 60's. These were usually humbuckers and generally referred to as 'mudbuckers'. But the reason for that was that the amps of the day didn't really deliver much low end, so the mudbucker (with flat strings) was the work around to get some thump. In the late, 60s solid state power supplies became available and amps could suddenly deliver the low end like never before. And they did. And they did it some more. So much so that the amps became the mudbuckets and round strings came to be the work around for that. Today, amplification is sophisticated enough to handle about anything you throw at it.
A pickup right against the neck is going to be muddy and thumpy in the low position, but brighter than a bridge pickup at the top of the fingerboard. Depending on the pickup, this could be a desirable feature for a soloist. But I would want some serious input from a pickup guru first.
One further note, from my own personal experience: I don't care for pickups placed less than about 2.5" from the bridge saddle of the highest string. For me, too much low frequency content gets lost this way. But that's just my own subjective opinion.
How close (or far) should a pick-up (P, J, Hmbkr) be to neck or bridge to maximize its efficiency?
Thinking of custom build here.
Efficiency is not why pickup positions are chosen. In fact, there is no real science behind pickup locations. Some have tried to say there is a "sweet spot" under a certain harmonic, but that harmonic moves the moment a note is fretted.
So all you're left with are purely subjective criteria: how does a specific type of pickup sound in a specific location and how does it interact with another specific pickup in another specific location?
As far as P and J pickup spacing, Fender has done the work for you but you still have a myriad of choices in terms of pickup type as well as preamp options.
For multi-coil pickups there are basses that use every pickup spacing under the sun. Ken Smith, Warwick, Lakland, Ernie Ball, Fodera, Zon, and Warrior all use distinctly different pickup spacings with different types of pickups & electronics to achieve their desired voicings. Their choices were not based on what was "most efficient" but rather preference.
It is not uncommon for a custom builder to have a shop instrument routed for "sliding pickups" so they can test various spacings. If that's more trouble than you want to go to I suggest you pick an existing bass that makes your ears happy and use that spacing for your build.
What's the best place to plant a tree?
this, and the observation that traditional fender pickup locations were originally arrived at because they sounded good through marginal amps with no onboard EQ, is all there is to it.Really, you can put a pickup anywhere under the strings. The closer the neck the deeper it sounds, and the closer to the bridge the brighter it sounds.
Some have tried to say there is a "sweet spot" under a certain harmonic, but that harmonic moves the moment a note is fretted.
+1 to that. I was recently told that gibson does that harmonic trick. Huh?
So that's why they moved it? Priceless!Fender moved the bridge pickup on the Jazz bass slightly so it would be hidden under the bridge cover. So that shows they weren't concerned with harmonic placement.
