You are correct that fundamental Materials Science studies looking at the effects of playing vs resonant properties of the components of musical instruments are not very complete. There are a few. If you search for Catgut Acoustical Society, and go to their site, you will find a few studies. But, it is true that the field is incomplete.There's no scientific research--real scientific research--supporting changes to wood at the cellular level due t the vibrations from music. This ranks up there with cable burn-in and other audiophile nonsense. Total horse hockey.
Wood ages, to be sure. That is of course well-studied.
[Edit: I see CAS is no longer maintained and their articles no longer accessible. Stanford Library is supposed to be hosting them; but I could not access most of them. Anyhow, here is link for those interested. I'll keep looking for their references elsewhere]
CAS Forum Home Page
[Edit: For those interested, here is a link to Carleen Hutchins seminal review of violin materials and physics. It does not address questions relating to instruments being played vs not played, but does contain some interesting reading.]
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OTOH, there is a fairly compelling general perception among world class pianists and string players that very fine instruments need to be played a lot to project their best sound; and that high end instruments which do not get played tend to sound "contained." Take that for what it's worth.
To me, "Mojo" is a looks/feel thing. That's all. But, I do think that instruments that get played a lot tend to sound good.
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