The inside part of the endpin is only clamped at one side and can freely move at the other. Think about a ruler that you fix at the table at one end and pluck at the other. It resonates.
If the clamped part vibrates, it can take vibrational energy at its resonance frequencies from the body (clamped part).
The outer part of the endpin is clamped on the body and the floor, so the resonance frequencies are much higher and more damped. Think of a ruler that is clamped at both ends at two tables and plucked in between. It is similar to a string that is clamped at nut and bridge (by the force resulting by the string angle at both ends).
By cutting the endpin the resonance frequencies of the shorter inner part rise (think putting less of the ruler off the table) and the damping rises too, so less energy is robbed from the body and only from higher frequencies (not the fundamentals). The resonance peak gets lower and wider that way (less Q-factor) which has an overall influence on sound but not a strong influence on a few notes.
If the clamped part vibrates, it can take vibrational energy at its resonance frequencies from the body (clamped part).
The outer part of the endpin is clamped on the body and the floor, so the resonance frequencies are much higher and more damped. Think of a ruler that is clamped at both ends at two tables and plucked in between. It is similar to a string that is clamped at nut and bridge (by the force resulting by the string angle at both ends).
By cutting the endpin the resonance frequencies of the shorter inner part rise (think putting less of the ruler off the table) and the damping rises too, so less energy is robbed from the body and only from higher frequencies (not the fundamentals). The resonance peak gets lower and wider that way (less Q-factor) which has an overall influence on sound but not a strong influence on a few notes.