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Common amp myths

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Is there any practical way to measure the power output of an amp while you are playing it?

Is there any way to measure the THD while you are playing it?

Wouldn't it be neat to have a gadget that could measure watts output and THD, so you could tell, for instance, your 300watt amp is putting out 5 watts when you play quiet, then when you crank it you are getting 490 watts but at 19% THD?

Or, you could see what gain and volume settings get you to the rated output of your amp. Are the knobs maxxed out, or only half way up?

Even nicer to have an SPL meter built into this gadget, and some capture capability so we could see how watts and THD and input signal relate to output decibels.

Wonder if Radio Shack makes anything like this...
 
It might be possible to design something like that into the amp itself. A power amp obviously "knows" its output voltage, which is more important than output power. And it also "knows" if it is being driven into clipping, by the difference between the input and feedback voltages. It could process those measurements with a little microprocessor, and light up some LED's for a bar graph display.

In fact, some amps use that clipping indication to control a limiter.
 
It might be possible to design something like that into the amp itself. A power amp obviously "knows" its output voltage, which is more important than output power. And it also "knows" if it is being driven into clipping, by the difference between the input and feedback voltages. It could process those measurements with a little microprocessor, and light up some LED's for a bar graph display.

In fact, some amps use that clipping indication to control a limiter.

Suppose you have a box the size of the famous HPF-Pre, with an in and out pair of 1/4" jacks for the instrument signal, and a second in and out pair of 1/4" or speakons for the speaker signal. Ie, it sits between the amp and cab to measure the amp output, and it also sits between the instrument and amp to measure the input to the amp. It could measure the amps (amperes) and voltage of the speaker output, to determine watts, and it could compare the voltage signal to the input signal to measure THD. Add a clever display to show instantanous values of watts and THD, and moving average/exponential decay to show those values over time, and now you have a new Science Fair Project for this winter!!!!!! And a way to "see" the output of an amp, rather than just hear it.
 
Suppose you have a box the size of the famous HPF-Pre, with an in and out pair of 1/4" jacks for the instrument signal, and a second in and out pair of 1/4" or speakons for the speaker signal. Ie, it sits between the amp and cab to measure the amp output, and it also sits between the instrument and amp to measure the input to the amp. It could measure the amps (amperes) and voltage of the speaker output, to determine watts, and it could compare the voltage signal to the input signal to measure THD. Add a clever display to show instantanous values of watts and THD, and moving average/exponential decay to show those values over time, and now you have a new Science Fair Project for this winter!!!!!! And a way to "see" the output of an amp, rather than just hear it.
It's not a stupid idea, but the THD bit won't work in practice, since the transfer function of the amp will depend on its voicing and how you have it equalized.

Measuring the output is something there are quite a few kits available for to the intrepid DIY-er. http://www.vellemanusa.com/us/enu/product/view/?id=350546 is one option.
 
Is there any practical way to measure the power output of an amp while you are playing it?

Is there any way to measure the THD while you are playing it?

Wouldn't it be neat to have a gadget that could measure watts output and THD, so you could tell, for instance, your 300watt amp is putting out 5 watts when you play quiet, then when you crank it you are getting 490 watts but at 19% THD?

Or, you could see what gain and volume settings get you to the rated output of your amp. Are the knobs maxxed out, or only half way up?

Even nicer to have an SPL meter built into this gadget, and some capture capability so we could see how watts and THD and input signal relate to output decibels.

Wonder if Radio Shack makes anything like this...

There are speaker test tools that measure distortion. But nothing that I know of that does a Real time Distortion Analysis.

Systems like MLSA, TEF, Praxis come to mind.

The Best you could do is take an RTA of some sort, Have a channel analising your Pre amp out put, Then have a very accurate microphone, in front of your speaker cone (Unless you only want to know amp distortion then you need a sensor at the amp and there is are industry standard distortion analysis tools but they all use sine waves.)

Calibrate everything so at clean levels what goes in are at similar levels as to what your getting at the Microphone.

Take the difference of the two signals. Somewhere in there I think you have to take account of Phase shifts and time differences.

Sound easy. Sound exciting????? Let me tell you you'll be the life of the party!!!!

Win Friends and influence them!
 
They don't work. They're LED readout voltmeters, with the display calibrated to show power with a constant value resistive load, but speakers are neither resistive nor constant value loads.
Bill, you make it sound kind of hopeless. :crying:

Do you see any value in at least showing in gross terms, that you are playing at say 800 watts, when you know your amp is rated at only 200? Or would that also be impossible due to the non-constant non-resistive speaker loads?

For that matter: in general, if an amp is rated at say 100 watts, how much more than 100 can it produce? 101? 150? 300? I remember reading that certain stereo receiver had "3 dB headroom". I think that means if it was rated at 100 watts, the 3 dB of headroom means it could hit 200 watts briefly. How does this idea play out in bass amps? I have not seen any bass amp specs that show either headroom or max possible power out even with huge distortion.
 
The semantics in this thread are getting ridiculous.

If a 300 watt tube head is much more easily heard than an equivelant SS head, call it whatever you may want, but for all intents and purposes in a band, it is louder. It has more of an ability to be heard. Go about it however you want, whatever helps you sleep at night is fine with me.

I'm late to this thread (and thankful for that as well)...but you, and Georgestrings, and others need to realize (hopefully by now you do) that the EE and AE types will never give up on telling you that you are wrong and that they are right. It's what seemingly defines their self-worth and reason for existence. I certainly hope they put the same amount of energy and passion into practicing and performing on their instrument...kinda the point behind this forum...or so I thought.

So many of them have told you again and again that a watt is a watt, that you are wrong about what you hear because it is "perception".

Here's a thought - music IS perception....loudness IS perception. The experience of whether something is loud enough to cause you to hold your ears or strain to pick up the nuances of a given sound IS perception. Not many bassists that can actually play decently that I've ever met worry too much about how their "SPL or effective watts" are measured...they worry about how their instruments and rigs actually sound to themselves and their audiences - again, perception. They notice that (in your case) at maximum usable volume on two different amps EQ'd similarly (another HUGE variable here), the tube amp is perceived as louder - not just by them but by their bandmates and their audience as well. I've actually never seen audiences at a musical performance bring an SPL meter into the performance "just for fun" or to "prove that a given instrument or rig was or wasn't louder than another one". Yet all of us have experienced performances that were "really loud" or "unbearably loud" or "just right"....a judgement we make without the SPL data or a scientific explanation. That "fact" or "myth", whether scientific or not, is actually usable for the purpose of making choices and making music...the point behind all this discussion in the first place.

The human sensory experience IS perception...and the engineering crowd just can't seem to get their arms around that fact even when you're technically NOT arguing with their facts - you're arguing about your perception of the situation...in this case, that similarly rated amps have different perceived loudnesses...to probably a large majority of the people who have actually tried them.

Having a thread about myths is all well and good - but if it doesn't address the end result - in this case amplification of music played on the bass instrument and perceived by the performer and audience - they become academic exercises...interesting, but not all-important. Time and time again those of us who have played through similarly rated tube and SS amps have noted that usable "perceived" volume and loudness through the tube amp is much higher than the similary rated SS amp. I'm sure that's due to all the fine, correct technical reasons the professional and armchair engineering types have continually bludgeoned you with throughout this thread. But those reasons aren't going to sway you or your band mates/audience away from the "fact" that the tube amp is "perceived" as louder in your practical, real-life playing situations.

And you should know - many, many people on this board think just the way you do and agree with your perceptions. They just have already been slammed with the science or watched others get slammed with it enough times to refuse to enter into these threads to state their opinions or perceptions. I'm just dim-witted enough to keep coming back for more :)

Just watch - they very well might start in on me now by trying to argue that perceptions that differ from scientific explanations don't exist...can't exist...even though sensory perceptions don't really argue against their facts, for some unknown reason they'll take it as as a challenge and pounce on an opportunity to display their superior technical knowledge and ridicule my logic. I hope not - as that discussion goes nowhere....but no worries, I can handle it...sometimes the discussions can even be quite constructive for all involved as long as the remarks don't get personal.

Speaking about not arguing about their facts - the underpowered amp blowing speakers myth is a perfect example. Many (notice I did NOT say all) of those who posit an opposing opinion do not argue that an "underpowered" amp blows speakers...they posit that in the event that a closely rated amp and speaker might be a fairly dangerous combination if the amp is pushed into clipping on a frequent basis. Say, for example, a 275 watt amp powering a 300 watt speaker (rated however you want, I'm just making an example here). If you repeatedly push that 275 watt amp into hard clipping, yes, it certainly can damage that speaker - but not because it's underpowered. Several of us have actually seen it happen - of course pushing an amp rated above the handling capacity of the speaker into clipping often will do it that much faster! Personal experience has shown me that it's not a bad idea to own an amp that's rated somewhere close to twice the wattage rating of the speaker and then play well within the sweet spot of that amp (i.e. nowhere near clipping). Again, not necessary according to the science behind it all - which has been explained by the experts earlier - but a good idea nonetheless for clean headroom throughout the dynamic range of playing techniques for the instrument. Of course, consistent touch and playing technique help even more on this score ;)

Bottom line - you shouldn't discount your sensory perceptions out of hand or because of the reasoning on this thread - very probably there are explainable scientific reasons behind your perceptions (and a watt is a watt is a watt...that you can't argue against), but remember that what we do - playing bass - falls squarely within the domain of perception and sensory reaction. If you were the only one who perceived that the tube amp kicks the SS amp's a@@, then you might have cause for worry. But you're certainly not the only one :smug:
 
For that matter: in general, if an amp is rated at say 100 watts, how much more than 100 can it produce? 101? 150? 300? I remember reading that certain stereo receiver had "3 dB headroom". I think that means if it was rated at 100 watts, the 3 dB of headroom means it could hit 200 watts briefly. How does this idea play out in bass amps? I have not seen any bass amp specs that show either headroom or max possible power out even with huge distortion.

First, you would have to see how the rating is computed. Only at 1KHz? Across the entire frequency spectrum? At 1% distortion? At 0.1% distortion? Look at the specs for QSC and Crest amps. They give two power ratings based on different distortion/frequency measurements.

Bass amps? Not the same. Distortion is generally not a big problem, so manufacturers can play fast-and-loose there. Eden does state 3dB headroom.

The final answer, then is that every amp can be spec'ed differently. If you're playing and your 200w amp showed 356 watts, does that mean it's a hotrod amp? Or does it just mean you're running more distortion than the 200w spec?

Kinda like giving a horsepower figure for an engine without specifying RPM or torque. A HP number by itself isn't very useful.
 
...the EE and AE types will never give up on telling you that you are wrong and that they are right. It's what seemingly defines their self-worth and reason for existence.

And if they weren't trained, experienced, and knowledgeable, you and I wouldn't have amplifiers.

Here's a thought - music IS perception....loudness IS perception.

Yes, that's been said. Nobody has argued with that.

If you repeatedly push that 275 watt amp into hard clipping, yes, it certainly can damage that speaker - but not because it's underpowered.

Agreed, because many amps have some headroom or may produce power beyond the printed specifications. It isn't the clipping, it's the increased amp output that does the damage.
 
If you're playing and your 200w amp showed 356 watts, does that mean it's a hotrod amp? Or does it just mean you're running more distortion than the 200w spec?
That's the point! I suspect that's why the "underpowered amp blows speakers" comes from. The amp is rated at 200, but you crank it up and crank up the pre-amp in the bass itself and crank up the bass eq, and the puts out a very distorted 356 watts. Say you are plugged into a cab rated at 250 watts, and you are thinking, Can't overpower this cab because I've only got 200 watts". Run like that for a while, cranking out 356, and the heat from that melts the voice coil, and bingo-bango, Myth #1 happens. Not due to the clipping itself, but due to the continuous RMS that's higher than the amp rating, AND higher than the speaker can handle. You got there because the amp can put out more than it is rated for, at higher distortion.

Which is why I'm thinking how nice it would be to be able to see that on a meter before you see smoke from the cab.

Hey, is this another myth? "An amp rated at 200 watts can put out no more than 200 watts"
 
That's the point! I suspect that's why the "underpowered amp blows speakers" comes from. The amp is rated at 200, but you crank it up and crank up the pre-amp in the bass itself and crank up the bass eq, and the puts out a very distorted 356 watts. Say you are plugged into a cab rated at 250 watts, and you are thinking, Can't overpower this cab because I've only got 200 watts". Run like that for a while, cranking out 356, and the heat from that melts the voice coil, and bingo-bango, Myth #1 happens. Not due to the clipping itself, but due to the continuous RMS that's higher than the amp rating, AND higher than the speaker can handle. You got there because the amp can put out more than it is rated for, at higher distortion.

Which is why I'm thinking how nice it would be to be able to see that on a meter before you see smoke from the cab.

+1
 
I'm late to this thread (and thankful for that as well)...but you, and Georgestrings, and others need to realize (hopefully by now you do) that the EE and AE types will never give up on telling you that you are wrong and that they are right. It's what seemingly defines their self-worth and reason for existence. I certainly hope they put the same amount of energy and passion into practicing and performing on their instrument...kinda the point behind this forum...or so I thought.

So many of them have told you again and again that a watt is a watt, that you are wrong about what you hear because it is "perception".

Here's a thought - music IS perception....loudness IS perception. The experience of whether something is loud enough to cause you to hold your ears or strain to pick up the nuances of a given sound IS perception. Not many bassists that can actually play decently that I've ever met worry too much about how their "SPL or effective watts" are measured...they worry about how their instruments and rigs actually sound to themselves and their audiences - again, perception. They notice that (in your case) at maximum usable volume on two different amps EQ'd similarly (another HUGE variable here), the tube amp is perceived as louder - not just by them but by their bandmates and their audience as well. I've actually never seen audiences at a musical performance bring an SPL meter into the performance "just for fun" or to "prove that a given instrument or rig was or wasn't louder than another one". Yet all of us have experienced performances that were "really loud" or "unbearably loud" or "just right"....a judgement we make without the SPL data or a scientific explanation. That "fact" or "myth", whether scientific or not, is actually usable for the purpose of making choices and making music...the point behind all this discussion in the first place.

The human sensory experience IS perception...and the engineering crowd just can't seem to get their arms around that fact even when you're technically NOT arguing with their facts - you're arguing about your perception of the situation...in this case, that similarly rated amps have different perceived loudnesses...to probably a large majority of the people who have actually tried them.

Having a thread about myths is all well and good - but if it doesn't address the end result - in this case amplification of music played on the bass instrument and perceived by the performer and audience - they become academic exercises...interesting, but not all-important. Time and time again those of us who have played through similarly rated tube and SS amps have noted that usable "perceived" volume and loudness through the tube amp is much higher than the similary rated SS amp. I'm sure that's due to all the fine, correct technical reasons the professional and armchair engineering types have continually bludgeoned you with throughout this thread. But those reasons aren't going to sway you or your band mates/audience away from the "fact" that the tube amp is "perceived" as louder in your practical, real-life playing situations.

And you should know - many, many people on this board think just the way you do and agree with your perceptions. They just have already been slammed with the science or watched others get slammed with it enough times to refuse to enter into these threads to state their opinions or perceptions. I'm just dim-witted enough to keep coming back for more :)

Just watch - they very well might start in on me now by trying to argue that perceptions that differ from scientific explanations don't exist...can't exist...even though sensory perceptions don't really argue against their facts, for some unknown reason they'll take it as as a challenge and pounce on an opportunity to display their superior technical knowledge and ridicule my logic. I hope not - as that discussion goes nowhere....but no worries, I can handle it...sometimes the discussions can even be quite constructive for all involved as long as the remarks don't get personal.

Speaking about not arguing about their facts - the underpowered amp blowing speakers myth is a perfect example. Many (notice I did NOT say all) of those who posit an opposing opinion do not argue that an "underpowered" amp blows speakers...they posit that in the event that a closely rated amp and speaker might be a fairly dangerous combination if the amp is pushed into clipping on a frequent basis. Say, for example, a 275 watt amp powering a 300 watt speaker (rated however you want, I'm just making an example here). If you repeatedly push that 275 watt amp into hard clipping, yes, it certainly can damage that speaker - but not because it's underpowered. Several of us have actually seen it happen - of course pushing an amp rated above the handling capacity of the speaker into clipping often will do it that much faster! Personal experience has shown me that it's not a bad idea to own an amp that's rated somewhere close to twice the wattage rating of the speaker and then play well within the sweet spot of that amp (i.e. nowhere near clipping). Again, not necessary according to the science behind it all - which has been explained by the experts earlier - but a good idea nonetheless for clean headroom throughout the dynamic range of playing techniques for the instrument. Of course, consistent touch and playing technique help even more on this score ;)

Bottom line - you shouldn't discount your sensory perceptions out of hand or because of the reasoning on this thread - very probably there are explainable scientific reasons behind your perceptions (and a watt is a watt is a watt...that you can't argue against), but remember that what we do - playing bass - falls squarely within the domain of perception and sensory reaction. If you were the only one who perceived that the tube amp kicks the SS amp's a@@, then you might have cause for worry. But you're certainly not the only one :smug:

I hate science too, it's so stupid and last century.
 
That assumes the drivers 'need' a certain level of 'juice'. They don't.
Thats not quite universally true if you don't own a compressor!.
I suppose all this 1000 watt RMS amp headroom is fairly useful if you are burning well over half of it in speaker compression.
After all a thousand watt amp is a hell of a lot cheaper than a five hundred watt amp, enough speakers and a decent compressor limiter.
:ninja:
 
Markbass amps look really cool.

:crying:

Picture018.gif
 
...

Hey, is this another myth? "An amp rated at 200 watts can put out no more than 200 watts"

I hope people don't repeat that.

Let's say I take and excellent recording of a square wave. And for some reason I want to crank it. If a amp has a good stiff power supply, and cooling, etc, I'll be able to crank it until it hits the voltage of the power rails. If the amp was truly rated at 200W with a sine wave, it could possibly put out 400W of a square wave. (area under the curve)

This doesn't automatically mean you're safe using a 400w (woofer only) cabinet with a 200w amp. Many manufacturers just add up the wattage of the drivers they put in. Drivers need cooling and proper loading to actually handle the power they're rated for.
 
I'm late to this thread (and thankful for that as well)...but you, and Georgestrings, and others need to realize (hopefully by now you do) that the EE and AE types will never give up on telling you that you are wrong and that they are right. It's what seemingly defines their self-worth and reason for existence. I certainly hope they put the same amount of energy and passion into practicing and performing on their instrument...kinda the point behind this forum...or so I thought.

<snip>

Please educate me with more blanket generalizations. :rollno:
 
I suspect that's why the "underpowered amp blows speakers" comes from. The amp is rated at 200, but you crank it up and crank up the pre-amp in the bass itself and crank up the bass eq, and the puts out a very distorted 356 watts. Say you are plugged into a cab rated at 250 watts, and you are thinking, Can't overpower this cab because I've only got 200 watts".

True. However, most speaker damage occurs from overexcursion, long before you melt 'em down.

And seamonkey has hit it right too. RMS power of a square wave is way more than RMS for a sine wave. 1.4x more I think. It isn't the wave shape that hurts the speaker, it's the much higher power the amp can push till you stop, it stops, or the speaker stops.
 
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