Yes, length is pretty much the main difference. The problem with using long-scale strings on a short-scale bass is that they will tend to break at the tuner end, since the main winding will be wrapped around the tuner post. Many moons ago, I used Dean Markley long-scale strings on an EKO short-scale bass, however, with no problems. So you might get away with it. The downside is that you might not.
^^THIS^^ pretty much. There are so many differences between brands of strings - and basses, for that matter - that it's hard to make blanket statements. But, yes, it's usually not a good idea to wrap the speaking part of a string around a tuner peg. There are people who'll tell you that they've done it for years with no problem; I believe them. And, there are people who'll tell you that it was a disaster when they tried it. I believe them, too. I've done it myself - and gotten away with it. But, I had no other choice at the time, and put a "correct" set of strings on the bass as soon as I could. Let's just say that, in general, long scale strings on a "normal" short scale bass is not a good idea. I do have a short
scale bass that pretty much needs long scale
strings - because it's a physically large, hollow body bass. But, it's definitely an exception; as are my short scale basses that need medium scale strings. My short scale basses that can wear short scale strings - do. With no problems at all...
I do have a question, tho; I'm puzzled by your statement about "so few short scale strings available". Personally, I find the situation quite the opposite. There aren't many strings I've looked at that aren't available as short scale. The vast majority of the popular ones certainly are. Now, if you're looking for
medium scale strings? Yeah, that
is a pretty small pond to fish in. But, I've never had a problem finding short scale strings that made me happy - and I like me some... obscure strings, too, on occasion...
