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Difference between "Set Neck" and Neck Thru??

"Set neck" implies the neck and body were created seperately, the body and neck share a tight joint, and the neck was glued and "set" into the body.

"Neck through" implies the neck is one continuous piece of wood or multi-laminate piece of wood that extends uninterrupted through the body to the tail of the guitar. "Wings" are then glued onto the top and bottom to form the remainder of the body for forearm rest and controls.
 
In a "nutshell".....

"Set" neck: As opposed to a bolt on, the neck is glued in place, typically with a dovetail joint (sometimes not), to the body.

"Neck through": from the tail end of the instrument, to the headstock is a continuous piece and the body is formed from "wings" glued on to the continuous piece.
 
Set necks (ala Gibson) as necks glued to a body-2 pieces of separate wood.

Neck thru designs have the neck running the full length of the instrument-headstock to strap pin as 1 piece or several laminated pieces. On this design larger wood pieces-"wings" are glued to the neck to complete the body.

Many boutique builders as well as mass produced companies (Warwick, Ibanez, etc.) employ this method.

The debate rages on whether either improves tone or sustain as the bolt on arrangement is still most commonly used due primarily for manufacturing ease and simplicity of replacement of a "bad" neck or desire for a fretless'fretted exchange, etc.
 
Neck Through:
Frtlssmiruzzibodyrearlge.jpg


Set Neck:
5_4.jpg


Note that the set neck has a block of wood separating the neck from the body, and they're all glued together instead of bolted on.