the thing with jazz to me is that it's all about pushing the boundaries of music. sonic crafting and experimentation is nothing new in jazz. bassists are no exception. But as with almost all genres of music you generally want to make sure you are keeping the low end intact and holding down the groove.
if you are playing straight jazz standards with little room to experiment then you'll likely just be looking for pedals/effects that give you a fuller clean tone.
a volume pedal, compressor, a preamp/EQ/clean boost, and maybe a chorus and reverb would seem like obvious places to start with building a nice clean jazz tone for the straight forward stuff.
if you are getting a little more out there, layin' down some funk, and/or have room for really improvising then your creativity is the only limit on what you can do. if you also have a good keyboard/pianist that can also lay down fat bass lines with his left hand then it can make it even easier for you to go into a lead role from time to time and switch it up by using more "out there" effects.
chorus, octave, fuzz, wah, envelope filters, phasers, tremolo, reverb, delay. anything goes really, it's up to you and your band which direction and how far out there you go.