I've known about this for decades from repair men, players, and my own ears. There's tons of info on this. With only a quick 10 minute search I found many references. Here's a few. I'm sure there are better articles than these. I'll keep looking. Please feel free to knock yourself out, prove it to yourself, and then report back with your findings so others can learn.
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Another difference in long scale and short scale models is the tonal quality. Because the scale length influences the tonal value due to the tension of the string at a certain pitch, the tonal quality on 5 string bass guitars is enhanced with a longer scale neck because it gives better sound to the lowest string. On short scale models, the G string will sing out and the tonal quality is perfectly acceptable.
Bass Guitar Scale Length – Stretching Too Far? | The Bass Guitar Blog
The long scale 34 inch bass dominates as the standard these days for a range of reasons. A longer scale length means higher tension and/or thinner strings can be used, generally producing a better tone. Intonation is also less tricky at longer scale lengths (keeping the bass in tune across different notes).
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With regard to tone, a longer scale "brightness" or cleaner overtones and more separated harmonics versus a shorter scale which favors "warmth" or more muddy overtones. According to Dave Hunter's "Tone Manual" (2011), each scale length has its characteristic sound and tone, which is individual from other sounds in the tone chain: strings, pickups, pedals, amplifiers, speakers, and cabinets.
The statement I responded to was "Physics proves that short scale basses do not intonate correctly, or as well, as long scale basses."
There are three clear assertions in this:
First, that short scale basses do not intonate correctly. I disagree, and the quotations above do not support the statement.
Second, that short scale basses do not intonate as well as long scale basses. This may be the truth, but the quotations above do not support it, and there is also a meaningful question of whether any difference in intonation is audible or meaningful.
Further, the statement clearly asserts that Physics (and I assume this means either the laws of physics or tests which can be performed based on the principles of physics, and from which evidence can be generated) PROVES both of the other assertions.
None of the links you provided cite more than opinion. There are no measured tests, no evidence based in physics, no scientific evidence at all. There is opinion, yes. That's not proof based in physics.
And none of the text cited indicates that the authors said "Physics proves that short scale basses do not intonate correctly...".
The text cited does say that longer scale basses are easier to intonate, but that's not a statement that short scales do not intonate correctly. In fact, the first quotation says "On short scale models, the G string will sing out and the tonal quality is perfectly acceptable."
The quotations provided don't even support the second half of the original statement: ""Physics proves that short scale basses do not intonate...as well, as long scale basses."
If you want to assert that "In my opinion based on experience, short scale basses do not intonate correctly, or as well, as long scale basses," I won't argue with your opinion. However, you have presented no evidence based in physics, so your statement is not supported.
These are the kinds of unfounded, unsupported assertions for which I return papers.
I realize I may be over-reacting. However, when someone makes claims in a public forum which purport to bear the weight of science but which lack any supporting evidence, it bothers me and I feel that it's important to point out the unsupported nature of the assertions.